Function Reference/query posts

出自WordPress Chinese 中文文档

wordpress.org.cn

Description

ttquery_posts()/tt can be used to control which posts show up in The Loop. It accepts a variety of parameters in the same format as used in your URL (e.g. ttp=4/tt to show only post of ID number 4).

Why go through all the trouble of changing the query that was meticulously created from your given URL? You can customize the presentation of your blog entries by combining it with page logic (like the Conditional Tags) -- all without changing any of the URLs.

Common uses might be to:

Display only a single post on your homepage (a single Page can be done via Settings - Reading).
Show all posts from a particular time period.
Show the latest post (only) on the front page.
Change how posts are ordered.
Show posts from only one category.
Exclude one or more categories.

Important note

The query_posts function is intended to be used to modify the main page Loop only. It is not intended as a means to create secondary Loops on the page. If you want to create separate Loops outside of the main one, you should use get_posts() instead. Use of query_posts on Loops other than the main one can result in your main Loop becoming incorrect and possibly displaying things that you were not expecting.

The query_posts function overrides and replaces the main query for the page. To save your sanity, do not use it for any other purpose.

Usage

pre ?php

//The Query query_posts('posts_per_page=5');

//The Loop if ( have_posts() ) : while ( have_posts() ) : the_post();

..

endwhile; else:

..

endif;

//Reset Query wp_reset_query();

? /pre

Usage Note

Place a call to ttquery_posts()/tt in one of your Template files before The Loop begins. The ttwp_query/tt object will generate a new SQL query using your parameters. When you do this, WordPress ignores the other parameters it receives via the URL (such as page number or category). If you want to preserve that information, you can use the tt$query_string/tt global variable in the call to ttquery_posts()/tt.

For example, to set the display order of the posts without affecting the rest of the query string, you could place the following before The Loop:

pre global $query_string; query_posts($query_string . order=ASC); /pre

When using ttquery_posts/tt in this way, the quoted portion of the argument must begin with an ampersand ().

Parameters

This is not an exhaustive list yet. It is meant to show some of the more common things possible with setting your own queries.

Category Parameters

Show posts only belonging to certain categories.

ttcat/tt - must use cat ids
ttcategory_name/tt
ttcategory__and/tt - must use cat ids
ttcategory__in/tt - must use cat ids
ttcategory__not_in/tt - must use cat ids

Show One Category by ID

Display posts from only one category ID (and any children of that category):

query_posts('cat=4');

Show One Category by Name

Display posts from only one category by name:

query_posts('category_name=Staff Home');

Show Several Categories by ID

Display posts from several specific category IDs:

query_posts('cat=2,6,17,38');

Exclude Posts Belonging to Only One Category

Show all posts except those from a category by prefixing its ID with a '-' (minus) sign.

query_posts('cat=-3');

This excludes any post that belongs to category 3. !--There is a proviso however: it will exclude all the posts that belong only to category 3. If a post belongs to another category as well, it will still be picked up.--

Multiple Category Handling

Display posts that are in multiple categories. This shows posts that are in both categories 2 and 6:

query_posts(array('category__and' = array(2,6)));

To display posts from either category 2 OR 6, you could use ttcat/tt as mentioned above, or by using ttcategory__in/tt (note this does not show posts from any children of these categories):

query_posts(array('category__in' = array(2,6)));

You can also exclude multiple categories this way:

query_posts(array('category__not_in' = array(2,6)));

Tag Parameters

Show posts associated with certain tags.

tttag/tt
tttag_id/tt - must use tag ids
tttag__and/tt - must use tag ids
tttag__in/tt - must use tag ids
tttag__not_in/tt - must use tag ids
tttag_slug__and/tt
tttag_slug__in/tt

Fetch posts for one tag

query_posts('tag=cooking');

Fetch posts that have either of these tags

query_posts('tag=bread,baking');

Fetch posts that have all three of these tags:

query_posts('tag=bread+baking+recipe');

Multiple Tag Handling

Display posts that are tagged with both tag id 37 and tag id 47:

query_posts(array('tag__and' = array(37,47));

To display posts from either tag id 37 or 47, you could use tttag/tt as mentioned above, or explicitly specify by using tttag__in/tt:

query_posts(array('tag__in' = array(37,47));

Display posts that do not have any of the two tag ids 37 and 47:

query_posts(array('tag__not_in' = array(37,47));

The tttag_slug__in/tt and tttag_slug__and/tt behave much the same, except match against the tag's slug.

Also see Ryan's discussion of Tag intersections and unions.

Author Parameters

You can also restrict the posts by author.

ttauthor=3/tt
ttauthor=-3/tt - exclude author id 3 posts
ttauthor_name=Harriet/tt

Note: ttauthor_name/tt operates on the ttuser_nicename/tt field, whilst ttauthor/tt operates on the author id field.

Display all Pages for author=1, in title order, with no sticky posts tacked to the top:

query_posts('caller_get_posts=1author=1post_type=pagepost_status=publishorderby=titleorder=ASC');

Post Page Parameters

Retrieve a single post or page.

tt'p' = 27/tt - use the post ID to show that post
tt'name' = 'about-my-life'/tt - query for a particular post that has this Post Slug
tt'page_id' = 7/tt - query for just Page ID 7
tt'pagename' = 'about'/tt - note that this is not the page's title, but the page's path
tt'posts_per_page' = 1/tt - use tt'posts_per_page' = 3/tt to show 3 posts. Use tt'posts_per_page' = -1/tt to show all posts
tt'showposts' = 1/tt - use tt'showposts' = 3/tt to show 3 posts. Use tt'showposts' = -1/tt to show all posts. Deprecated in favor of posts_per_page
tt'post__in' = array(5,12,2,14,7)/tt - inclusion, lets you specify the post IDs to retrieve
tt'post__not_in' = array(6,2,8)/tt - exclusion, lets you specify the post IDs NOT to retrieve
tt'post_type' = 'page'/tt - returns Pages; defaults to value of ttpost/tt; can be ttany/tt, ttattachment/tt, ttpage/tt, ttpost/tt, or ttrevision/tt. ttany/tt retrieves any type except revisions. Also can designate custom post types (e.g. movies).
tt'post_status' = 'publish'/tt - returns publish works. Also could use ttpending/tt, ttdraft/tt, ttfuture/tt, ttprivate/tt, tttrash/tt. For ttinherit/tt see get_children. Status of tttrash/tt added with Version 2.9.
tt'post_parent' = 93/tt - return just the child Pages of Page 93.

To return both posts and custom post type movie

query_posts( array( 'post_type' = array('post', 'movie') ) );

Sticky Post Parameters

Sticky posts first became available with WordPress Version 2.7. Posts that are set as Sticky will be displayed before other posts in a query, unless excluded with the caller_get_posts=1 parameter.

ttarray('post__in'=get_option('sticky_posts'))/tt - returns array of all sticky posts
ttcaller_get_posts=1/tt - To exclude sticky posts being included at the beginning of posts returned, but the sticky post will still be returned in the natural order of that list of posts returned.

To return just the first sticky post:

$sticky=get_option('sticky_posts') ; 
query_posts('p=' . $sticky[0]);

or

pre $args = array( 'posts_per_page' = 1, 'post__in' = get_option('sticky_posts'), 'caller_get_posts' = 1 ); query_posts($args); /pre

Note: the second method returns only the more recent sticky post; if there are not sticky posts, it returns the last post published.

To return just the first sticky post or nothing: pre $sticky = get_option('sticky_posts'); $args = array( 'posts_per_page' = 1, 'post__in' = $sticky, 'caller_get_posts' = 1 ); query_posts($args); if($sticky[0]) {

  // insert here your stuff...

} /pre

To exclude all sticky posts from the query:

query_posts(array(post__not_in =get_option(sticky_posts)));

Return ALL posts with the category, but don't show sticky posts at the top. The 'sticky posts' will still show in their natural position (e.g. by date):

query_posts('caller_get_posts=1posts_per_page=3cat=6');

Return posts with the category, but exclude sticky posts completely, and adhere to paging rules: pre ?php $paged = (get_query_var('paged')) ? get_query_var('paged') : 1; $sticky=get_option('sticky_posts'); $args=array(

  'cat'=3,
  'caller_get_posts'=1,
  'post__not_in' = $sticky,
  'paged'=$paged,
  );

query_posts($args); ? /pre

Time Parameters

Retrieve posts belonging to a certain time period.

tthour=/tt - hour (from 0 to 23)
ttminute=/tt - minute (from 0 to 60)
ttsecond=/tt - second (0 to 60)
ttday=/tt - day of the month (from 1 to 31)
ttmonthnum=/tt - month number (from 1 to 12)
ttyear=/tt - 4 digit year (e.g. 2009)
ttw=/tt - week of the year (from 0 to 53) and uses the MySQL WEEK command Mode=1.

Returns posts for just the current date:

$today = getdate();
query_posts('year=' .$today[year] .'monthnum=' .$today[mon] .'day=' .$today[mday] );

Returns posts for just the current week:

$week = date('W');
$year = date('Y');
query_posts('year=' . $year .'w=' .$week );

Returns posts dated December 20:

query_posts( 'monthnum=12day=20' );

Return posts for posts for March 1 to March 15, 2009: pre ?php //based on Austin Matzko's code from wp-hackers email list

 function filter_where($where = ) {
   //posts for March 1 to March 15, 2009
   $where .=  AND post_date = '2009-03-01' AND post_date  '2009-03-16';
   return $where;
 }

add_filter('posts_where', 'filter_where'); query_posts($query_string); ? /pre

Return posts from the last 30 days: pre ?php //based on Austin Matzko's code from wp-hackers email list

 function filter_where($where = ) {
   //posts in the last 30 days
   $where .=  AND post_date  ' . date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-30 days')) . ';
   return $where;
 }

add_filter('posts_where', 'filter_where'); query_posts($query_string); ? /pre

Return posts 30 to 60 days old pre ?php //based on Austin Matzko's code from wp-hackers email list

 function filter_where($where = ) {
   //posts  30 to 60 days old
   $where .=  AND post_date = ' . date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-60 days')) . ' .  AND post_date = ' . date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-30 days')) . ';
   return $where;
 }

add_filter('posts_where', 'filter_where'); query_posts($query_string); ? /pre

Pagination Parameters

ttnopaging=true/tt - will disable pagination, displaying all posts
ttposts_per_page=10/tt - number of posts to show per page
ttpaged=2/tt - show the posts that would normally show up just on page 2 when using the Older Entries link. You should set this to ttget_query_var( 'paged' )/tt if you want your query to work with pagination.
ttorder=ASC/tt - show posts in chronological order, DESC to show in reverse order (the default)

Offset Parameter

You can displace or pass over one or more initial posts which would normally be collected by your query through the use of the offset parameter.

The following will display the 5 posts which follow the most recent (1):

query_posts('posts_per_page=5offset=1');

Orderby Parameters

Sort retrieved posts by this field.

ttorderby=author/tt
ttorderby=date/tt
ttorderby=title/tt
ttorderby=modified/tt
ttorderby=menu_order/tt used most often for Pages (bOrder/b field in the Edit Page ➝ Attributes box) and attachments (the integer fields in the Insert / Upload Media ➝ Gallery dialog), but could be used for any post type with distinct ttmenu_order/tt values (they all default to var0/var).
ttorderby=parent/tt
ttorderby=ID/tt
ttorderby=rand/tt
ttorderby=meta_value/tt Note: A ttmeta_key=keyname/tt must also be present in the query.
ttorderby=none/tt - no order (available with Version 2.8)
ttorderby=comment_count/tt - (available with Version 2.9)

Order Parameters

Designates the ascending or descending order of the ORDERBY parameter.

ttorder=ASC/tt - ascending from lowest to highest values (1, 2, 3; a, b, c)
ttorder=DESC/tt - descending from highest to lowest values (3, 2, 1; c, b, a)

Custom Field Parameters

Retrieve posts (or Pages) based on a custom field key or value.

ttmeta_key=/tt
ttmeta_value=/tt
ttmeta_compare=/tt - operator to test the ttmeta_value=/tt, default is '=', with other possible values of '!=', , '=', , or '='

Returns posts with custom fields matching both a key of 'color' AND a value of 'blue':

query_posts('meta_key=colormeta_value=blue');

Returns posts with a custom field key of 'color', regardless of the custom field value:

query_posts('meta_key=color');

Returns posts where the custom field value is 'color', regardless of the custom field key:

query_posts('meta_value=color');

Returns any Page where the custom field value is 'green', regardless of the custom field key:

query_posts('post_type=pagemeta_value=green');

Returns both posts and Pages with a custom field key of 'color' where the custom field value IS NOT EQUAL TO 'blue':

query_posts('post_type=anymeta_key=colormeta_compare=!=meta_value=blue');

Returns posts with custom field key of 'miles' with a custom field value that is LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 22. Note the value 99 will be considered greater than 100 as the data is stored as strings, not numbers.

query_posts('meta_key=milesmeta_compare==meta_value=22');

Combining Parameters

You may have noticed from some of the examples above that you combine parameters with an ampersand (), like so:

query_posts('cat=3year=2004');

Posts for category 13, for the current month on the main page:

if (is_home()) {
query_posts($query_string . 'cat=13monthnum=' . date('n',current_time('timestamp')));
}

At 2.3 this combination will return posts belong to both Category 1 AND 3, showing just two (2) posts, in descending order by the title:

 query_posts(array('category__and'=array(1,3),'posts_per_page'=2,'orderby'=title,'order'=DESC));

In 2.3 and 2.5 one would expect the following to return all posts that belong to category 1 and is tagged apples

query_posts('cat=1tag=apples');

A bug prevents this from happening. See Ticket #5433. A workaround is to search for several tags using +

query_posts('cat=1tag=apples+apples');

This will yield the expected results of the previous query. Note that using 'cat=1tag=apples+oranges' yields expected results.

Examples

Exclude Categories From Your Home Page

Placing this code in your ttindex.php/tt file will cause your home page to display posts from all categories except category ID 3.

pre ?php

  if (is_home()) {
     query_posts(cat=-3);
  }

? /pre

You can also add some more categories to the exclude-list (tested with WP 2.1.2):

pre ?php

  if (is_home()) {
     query_posts(cat=-1,-2,-3);
  }

? /pre

Retrieve a Particular Post

To retrieve a particular post, you could use the following:

pre ?php // retrieve one post with an ID of 5 query_posts('p=5'); ? /pre

If you want to use the Read More functionality with this query, you will need to set the global tt$more/tt variable to 0.

pre ?php // retrieve one post with an ID of 5 query_posts('p=5');

global $more; // set $more to 0 in order to only get the first part of the post $more = 0;

// the Loop while (have_posts()) : the_post();

 // the content of the post
 the_content('Read the full post raquo;');

endwhile; ? /pre

Retrieve a Particular Page

To retrieve a particular page, you could use the following:

pre ?php query_posts('page_id=7'); //retrieves page 7 only ? /pre or pre ?php query_posts('pagename=about'); //retrieves the about page only ? /pre

For child pages, the slug of the parent and the child is required, separated by a slash. For example:

pre ?php query_posts('pagename=parent/child'); // retrieve the child page of a parent ? /pre

Passing variables to query_posts

You can pass a variable to the query with two methods, depending on your needs. As with other examples, place these above your Loop:

Example 1

In this example, we concatenate the query before running it. First assign the variable, then concatenate and then run it. Here we're pulling in a category variable from elsewhere.

pre

?php
$categoryvariable=$cat; // assign the variable as current category
$query= 'cat=' . $categoryvariable. 'orderby=dateorder=ASC'; // concatenate the query
query_posts($query); // run the query
?

/pre

Example 2

In this next example, the double quotes tell PHP to treat the enclosed as an expression. For this example, we are getting the current month and the current year, and telling ttquery_posts/tt to bring us the posts for the current month/year, and in this case, listing in ascending order so we get the oldest post at the top of the page.

pre ?php $current_month = date('m'); $current_year = date('Y');

query_posts(cat=22year=$current_yearmonthnum=$current_monthorder=ASC); ? !-- put your loop here -- /pre

Example 3

This example explains how to generate a complete list of posts, dealing with pagination. We can use the default tt$query_string/tt telling ttquery_posts/tt to bring us a full posts listing. We can also modify the ttposts_per_page/tt query argument from -1 to the number of posts you want to show on each page; in this last case, you'll probably want to use posts_nav_link() to navigate the generated archive.

pre ?php query_posts($query_string.'posts_per_page=-1'); while(have_posts()) { the_post(); !-- put your loop here -- } ? /pre

Example 4

If you don't need to use the tt$query_string/tt variable, another method exists that is more clear and readable, in some more complex cases. This method puts the parameters into an array. The same query as in Example 2 above could be done like this:

pre query_posts(array(

'cat'      = 22, 
'year'     = $current_year, 
'monthnum' = $current_month, 
'order'    = 'ASC',

)); /pre

As you can see, with this approach, every variable can be put on its own line, for easier reading.

Preserving the Original Query (Pagination etc.)

By default running query_posts will completely overwrite all existing query variables on the current page. Pagination, categories dates etc. will be lost and only the variables you pass into query_posts will be used.

If you want to preserve the original query you can merge the original query array into your parameter array:

pre global $wp_query; query_posts( array_merge( array('cat' = 1), $wp_query-query ) );/pre

Usage Tips

The Blog pages show at most parameter in Settings Reading can influence your results. To overcome this, add the 'posts_per_page' parameter. For example: pre query_posts('category_name=The Category Nameposts_per_page=-1'); //returns ALL from the category /pre

Resources

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Function Reference/query posts

出自WordPress Chinese 中文文档

目录

Description

Important note

Usage

Usage Note

Parameters

Category Parameters

Tag Parameters

Author Parameters

Post Page Parameters

Sticky Post Parameters

Time Parameters

Pagination Parameters

Offset Parameter

Orderby Parameters

Order Parameters

Custom Field Parameters

Combining Parameters

Examples

Exclude Categories From Your Home Page

Retrieve a Particular Post

Retrieve a Particular Page

Passing variables to query_posts

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Preserving the Original Query (Pagination etc.)

Usage Tips

Resources

Related

Description

Usage

Result

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